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by pipibug (golf) at 2005.3.12 02:23 (#2173964@0)

Dennis M. Ritchie

Dennis M. Ritchie is head of the System Software Research department in the Computing Sciences Research Center of Bell Labs / Lucent Technologies in Murray Hill, NJ.

Dennis M. Ritchie是计算机研究中心系统研究部门的头目，该中心属于贝尔实验室/朗讯技术研究中心，位于新泽西默里山。

I was born Sept. 9, 1941 in Bronxville, N.Y., and received Bachelor's and advanced degrees from Harvard University, where as an undergraduate I concentrated in Physics and as a graduate student in Applied Mathematics. The subject of my 1968 doctoral thesis was subrecursive hierarchies of functions.

我生于1941年9月9日的纽约 Bronxville，我获得学士学位并且获得哈佛大学更高的学位，在那里我以肄业生资格学习物理，以研究生资格学习应用数学。1968年我的博士论文的内容是：函数的子递归层次。

My undergraduate experience convinced me that I was not smart enough to be a physicist, and that computers were quite neat. My graduate school experience convinced me that I was not smart enough to be an expert in the theory of algorithms and also that I liked procedural languages better than functional ones.

我的肄业生的经历使我意识到自己没有做一名物理学家的潜质，而那时计算机正是一个新兴的学科。我的研究生经历使我意识到我没有从事理论数学研究的潜质不可能成为那方面专家，还好，我对程序语言比对数学函数更感兴趣。

I joined Bell Labs in 1967, following my father, Alistair E. Ritchie, who had a long career there. His most visible public accomplishment was as co-author of The Design of Switching Circuits, with W. Keister and S. Washburn; it was an influential book on switching theory and logic design just before the transistor era.

1967年我加入追随我的父亲贝尔实验室，我的父亲Alistair E. Ritchie在那里有长时间的工作经历。他的被大家所了解的最大的成果是与W. Keister 及 S. Washburn共同著作《如何设计的开关电路》，它是晶体管时代之前的在开关理论和逻辑设计领域最具影响力书籍。

Soon after, I contributed to the Multics project, then a joint effort of Bell Labs, MIT, and General Electric. I helped with a compiler for the BCPL language on the Multics machine (GE 645) and on the GE 635 under the GECOS system. Also, I wrote the compiler for ALTRAN, a language and system for symbolic calculation.

不久后，我加入了Multics项目，那时由贝尔实验室、麻省理工学院和通用电器三家的合作项目。我负责多道处理机的BCPL语言和GE650的编译器，它们都是属于GECOS系统的。同样的，我也写了ALTRAN语言的代数编译器，那是用于符号计算机的一种语言和系统。

Subsequently, I aided Ken Thompson in creating the Unix operating system. After Unix had become well established in the Bell System and in a number of educational, government and commercial installations, Steve Johnson and I (helped by Ken) transported the operating system to the Interdata 8/32, thus demonstrating its portability, and laying the groundwork for the widespread growth of Unix: the Seventh Edition version from the Bell Labs research group was the basis for commercial Unix System V and also for the Unix BSD distributions from the University of California at Berkeley. The last important technical contribution I made to Unix was the Streams mechanism for interconnecting devices, protocols, and applications.

后来，我协助Ken Thompson做UNIX操作系统。在UNIX系统基本就绪并且在教育、政府和商业中得到一定程度的应用时，Steve Johnson和我（在Ken帮助下）开始将这个操作系统移植到Interdata 8/32上，通过这种方式证明其轻便性，基于UNIX快速的传播：贝尔实验室的第7版已经成为商业化UNIX的第五版和BSD UNIX的基础。我最近的对于UNIX的贡献是设备互联、协议和应用方面的流机制。

Early in the development of Unix, I added data types and new syntax to Thompson's B language, thus producing the new language C. C was the foundation for the portability of Unix, but it has become widely used in other contexts as well; much application and system development for computers of all sizes, from hand-held to supercomputer, uses it. There are unified U.S. and international standards for the language, and it is the basis for Stroustrup's work on its descendant C++.

在UNIX发展之前，我向Thompson的B语言中加入数据类型和新的句法，就这样产生了一种新语言——C。C是便携式UNIX的基础，并且它也在其它领域得到了广泛应用；计算机各方面的应用程序和系统发展，从手持设备到巨型机，都有对它的应用。有美国标准和国际标准的C语言，并且它是后来Stroustrup 写的C++语言的基础。

Today, as a manager of a small group of researchers, I promote exploration of distributed operating systems, languages, and routing/switching hardware. The recent accomplishments of this group include the Plan 9 operating system, which was released in 1995, and the Inferno operating system, announced April 1996.

现在,身为研究小组的经理,我至力于探索分布式操作系统、语言、路由/开关硬件。我们这个小组最近的成果有Plan9操作系统（1995发布）和Inferno操作系统（1996年4月发布）

Awards include: ACM award for the outstanding paper of 1974 in systems and languages; IEEE Emmanuel Piore Award (1982), Bell Laboratories Fellow (1983); Association for Computing Machinery Turing Award (1983); ACM Software Systems Award (1983); C&C Foundation award of NEC (1989); IEEE Hamming Medal (1990). I was elected to the U. S. National Academy of Engineering in 1988. In April 1999 I received the U. S. National Medal of Technology. These were all awarded in conjunction with Ken Thompson.

Ken's virtual coat-tails are long. I'm one of the few, besides Bonnie T., who has seen him wear a real coat (and even black tie) on more than one occasion.